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CASPERhaps

Scott Galloway@profgalloway

Published on January 17, 2020

4-min read

In 2015 one of my students asked me to invest in his business. He was sourcing cotton in Egypt, milling it in Israel, and then landing a set of sheet sets, duvets, and pillows in Brooklyn for $79 that he would sell for $129. The value proposition was clear: bedding that sold elsewhere at $400, for a lot less. The Fulops, a husband and wife team, had secured orders online before the cotton was purchased. This is the definition of good marketing and business strategy — finding products for your consumers vs. finding consumers for your products (piling stuff high in a store and hoping people buy). Streamlining the supply chain to offer better value on a better product is the way to go.

In 1953 Chuck Williams bought the Ralph Morse Hardware Store in Sonoma, California. He gradually converted the merchandise from hardware to French cookware, which was hard to find at the time. Over the last 50 years, Williams-Sonoma built billions in shareholder value zigging vs. zagging. The key isn’t selection, but a lack of selection. Williams-Sonoma doesn’t have the most toasters, it has the Dualit New Generation 4-Slice Toaster — the right toaster. Why is it the right toaster? Because Williams-Sonoma merchants have better taste than you: the core value proposition of specialty retail. 

The cookware retailer also sells the iconic Williams-Sonoma Classic Solid Apron, in Claret Red. Why would you pay $25 for $2 of cloth? Because this apron says you love people (cooking for others is an instinctual form of caregiving … remember Mom?) and that you are successful. A mix of attributes that makes you attractive to other people. Self-expressive benefit and voice are powerful drivers of value.

Restoration Hardware was started 40 years ago after Stephen Gordon had trouble finding high-quality home hardware and fixtures. Since then, the firm has opened enormous galleries and shipped catalogs the size of phone books. Neither of these made any sense, until they did. The galleries and phone books have been huge successes and now feel obvious. Breaking the mold in your category (leadership) pays off.

Voice, self-expressive benefit, proprietary product, innovative distribution, and leadership should all add up to margin. Specifically operating margin. 

Casper

Casper has filed to go public. Let’s look at how they stack up against traditional players and new kids on the block in DTC/specialty retail.

Casper is a nice brand in a growing market — the sleep economy. Sure, call it that. The alternative, mattress stores, are the stuff of Tarantino movies: you expect a guy with a sawed-off shotgun to roll in and take hostages. The biggest factor in a company’s growth isn’t the company itself but the incompetence of the incumbents. Casper and the 175 other online mattress retailers (think about that) have disrupted the industry with a better DTC experience.  

However, the firm will not go public, as it has no business being public. Casper’s numbers illuminate a tell of a frothy economy: firms that should be sold in the private market doing a kabuki dance (“technology” mentioned over 100 times in prospectus), asking people to suspend their disbelief until the founders, VCs, and bankers sell their shares and get their fees. That’s not going to happen. Here too, yogababble won’t cut it: “We believe we are the first company that understands and serves the Sleep Economy in a holistic way.” 

The economics work better if Casper sent you a mattress for free, stuffed with $300.

Uber breached the fire door of rational thinking, and in a collective cry of “we won’t be fooled again,” the door was slammed shut on We. Casper won’t even warm the IPO door as sanity sprinklers are extinguishing any consensual hallucination between Casper/Goldman and investors. 

I had breakfast with a senior exec from Goldman last week. As you’d imagine, he’s uber impressive and a smart guy. (I’m not outing anybody, as the terms senior exec, bank, and guy are redundant.) Goldman is doing some very interesting things and deserves credit for taking chances. But in my view they don’t have a sense for their brand positioning. In sum, Goldman Sachs’s brand identity is: “We’re f**king Goldman Sachs.”

Goldman’s core attribute is their reputation as an accelerant for people’s careers. This draws the best and brightest, enabling GS to charge higher fees, pay their people more, and wash, rinse, repeat. In addition, it usually affords them a finer filter for clients and businesses they play with. Goldman is a B2B firm, and moving into consumer banking and credit cards is similar to McKinsey launching a line of suits. Makes sense, sort of. Goldman’s name on the upper left of an S-1 that will be stopped at the border speaks to how desperate the firm is to keep their remaining retail bankers busy, and how strained the IPO business has become.

Casper will not go public. If it does, the stock will shed 30%+ in the first year. Away, a better business with a more differentiated product in a less competitive category, may or may not get out. If I were advising Away, which I am not, I would give them the same counsel I gave to Casper management (talented, impressive young men) 24 months ago: sell. Casper should be acquired by a bigger retailer, like Target, or any middle-aged retailer looking for a shot of Botox. That would give them momentum in the sleep category, domain expertise in DTC, and Casper would get the scale they clearly don’t have. They may have missed their window. Away’s is closing. The gangster here will be Warby Parker, who will have one of the more successful retail IPOs in recent memory. 

Casper and Away have to pay to generate traffic while Warby Parker gets nearly 80% of its traffic organically. Warby is the tallest midget of start-up retail, as the sector has been a wonderful place to shop and a terrible place to invest or work. Unless, of course, you work for an unregulated monopoly. Monopolies not only prematurely euthanize big firms that are good tax payers and employers, but perform infanticide on emerging retailers. 

Casper is being drowned and likely won’t survive. Away needs to be adopted by someone who will feed, clothe, and protect them. Warby looks to have the muscle and fat to survive an Amazon winter and emerge stronger.  

The financial press argues Amazon and other disruptors have resulted in millennials enjoying subsidized sleep, rides, and desks. CNBC leads us to believe there are start-ups everywhere. There aren’t. The greatest engine of job growth, small business, is on life-support. Half as many firms are founded today as during the Carter administration. Even the most promising struggle to find the scraps ignored by the great white sharks of big tech.

Wages are stagnant, and student debt has never been higher. But mattresses, glasses, and dog walkers have never been more affordable. There’s never been a better time to have the money young people don’t have.  

Life is so rich,

Comments

26 Comments

  1. Bob Beckman says:

    Scott, Dr. Galloway-Prof: You must take the lead on calling “bullshit” on the whole ersatz economy economy; that is the emerging economy of new, make-believe economies. To whit; there is no such thing as a “sleep economy.” Mattresses are what traditionalists call “furniture”. “period.” At the rate we are going someone is going to target Angel Soft as the next big thing in the “defecation economy.” Which also, is not a thing. Toilet paper being a part of ” housewares.” Please take care of this for us Doc. Pretty soon ever individual product will be a part of it’s own economy. I wish I were exagerating.

  2. Gilad says:

    FTC blocks Harry’s overpriced acquisition by Schick and EPC stock’s jumps 13%.

  3. Mr. T says:

    Casper is the new Blue Apron. The only difference is that Blue Apron started selling at Costco after the pump & dump, and Casper is selling there before.

  4. Ze says:

    Does anyone hear prof galloway’s voice while reading this?

  5. mei says:

    Great insights, Scott! I have casper pillows. Does anyone recommend the mattress?

  6. Qww says:

    Lol

  7. Cebo M says:

    Having been a voyeur of your posts for the past six months, I feel so liberated having taken time out to finally comment on yet another masterclass by the Prof. Boy I wish you were based here in South Africa…

  8. Marion Wilhelm says:

    Just discovered your website. Very interesting enlightening.

  9. David Cunningham says:

    excellent anaylsis

  10. Mark W Bailey says:

    Brilliant commentary – spot on!

  11. Anthony Barton says:

    THE DOG STRIKES AGAIN NO MERCY NO MALICE !

  12. Patricio M says:

    Great article and perspective!

  13. Wojtek says:

    Great read. I often wonder what causes the collective investment miasm.

  14. Pali Arsa says:

    Next up: Babylon Health, somehow valued at $2bn, hardly any revenues (can. $10mn), 1,500+ employees, interesting figure as CEO, etc.

  15. AARON says:

    Great read Scott.

  16. Jason says:

    Revolut was recently valued at $5 billion with no path to profitability. What are your thoughts Prof G?

  17. Drake says:

    Casper is to Sleep Number like WE is to Regus, harkening the words of the great Nigel Tufnel, “it goes to eleven.”

  18. Mark Scott says:

    Professor Galloway has the gift of metaphor, which Professor Aristotle said couldn’t be taught. Professor Galloway’s writing isn’t only life-enhancing, it’s telling, instructive, productive. It’s the poetry that’s in money (and politics and society and psychology), and as good as Emerson and Wallace Stevens.

  19. Jeff says:

    At least it’s not a crowded market (there really are 175 online mattress companies???). As usual another great note by Professor Galloway!

  20. andrew says:

    “(I’m not outing anybody, as the terms senior exec, bank, and guy are redundant.)” lmao. great article.

  21. phil says:

    Brilliant and after reading so obvious. Self-reflection has never been a characteristic of these companies with medioctre products and grand ambitions. If you wonder how Away can sell a $50 product for $225, look at Samsonite. Scores of similar products at similar prices, but no way to make a decision. Paradox of Choice in action.

  22. Karen says:

    Will definitely be quoting that pithy last paragraph. Love it

  23. Jimmy says:

    Do you remember how a couple of years ago there was this huge debate about whether tech was in a bubble? Well it seems that Uber rubbed the bubble hard and We finally popped it. Now every unprofitable startup like Casper is facing the brutal reality of life without VC money as the Emperor with no clothes. Appreciate all your insights Prof G

  24. Sam says:

    Thanks Prof G for this amazing article

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